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BIBLIOGRAPHy

Primary Source

Ballantyne, R.M. Hudson's Bay, or, Every-day life in the Wilds of North America: During Six Years' Residence in the Territories of the Honourable Hudson's Bay Company. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood, 1848.

Bigsby, John J. The shoe and canoe; or, Pictures of travel in the Canadas , illustrative of their scenery and of colonial life; with facts and opinions on emigration, state policy, and other points of public interest. New York , Paladin Press, 1969.

Douglas, David. Journal Kept by David Douglas, 1823-1827. New York: Antiquarian Press, 1959.

Duckworth, Harry W., The English River Book: A North West Company Journal and Account Book of 1786. Rupert's Land Record Society, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990

Franchére, Gabriel. The Journal of Gabriel Franchére, 1811-1814. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1969. Original issued in series: Publications of the Champlain Society. General Series; 45.

Fraser, Simon. The letters and journals of Simon Fraser, 1806-1808. Toronto: Macmillan, 1960.

Garry, Nicholas. The Diary of Nicholas Garry, Deputy-Governor of Hudson's Bay Company from 1822-1835: a Detailed Narrative of his Travels in the Northwest Territories of British North America in 1821. 1900[?]

Gates, Charles M., ed. Five fur traders of the Northwest being the narrative of Peter Pond and the diaries of John Macdonell. St. Paul. Minnesota Historical Society, 1965.

Harmon, Daniel Williams. A Journal of Voyages and Travels in the Interior of North America, between the 47th and 58th degree of N. lat., Extending from Montreal nearly to the Pacific, a distance of about 5,000 miles: Including and Account of the Principal Occurrences during a Residence of Nineteen Years in Different Parts of the Country. Toronto: G.N. Morang, 1904

Henry, Alexander, Gough, Barry M. The Journal of Alexander Henry the Younger, 1799-1814. vol. 1. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1988-1992. Original issued in series: Publications of the Champlain Society. General Series; 56, 57.

Henry, Alexander, Coues, Elliott. New Light on the Early History of the Greater Northwest: the Manuscript Journals of Alexander Henry, Fur Trader of the Northwest Company and of David Thompson, official geographer of the Same Company 1799-1814: Exploration and Adventure Among the Indians on the Red, Saskatchewan, Missouri and Columbia Rivers. [vol 1] New York: F.P. Harper, 1897.

Henry, Alexander. Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories Between the Years 1760 and 1776: in two parts. New York: Printed and published by I. Riley, 1809.

HERIOT, George. Travels through the Canadas containing a description of the picturesque scenery on some of the rivers and lakes; with an account of the productions, commerce and inhabitants of those provinces. Edmonton: Hurtig, 1971
Jacobs, Peter, Reverend. Journal of the Reverend Peter Jacobs, Indian Wesleyan Missionary, from Rice Lake to the Hudson's Bay Territory, and Returning: Commencing May 1852: With a Brief Account of His Life, and a Short History of the Wesleyan Mission in that Country. New York: Published for the author, 1857.
Johnston, John. An Account of Lake Superior, 1807-1809. An electronic transcription. MFTP #0037

Lamb Kaye W., (Ed) The Journals and Letters of Sir Alexander Mackenzie Cambridge University Press 1970

MacDonell, John. Description of Lake Athabasca and the Chipweans, ca. 1805 and Journal of a Voyage from Lachine to Fort River Qu'Appelle, 1793. An electronic transcription. MFTP #0005

Masson, L. R. Les Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest , Volume 1 et 2 Reprint- Antiquarian Press : New York, 1960.

M'Gillivray, Duncan . Ed. Morton, Arthur S. The Journal of Duncan M'Gillivray. Toronto: The Macmillan Book Company, 1929

McKenzie, Alexander, Sir. Voyages from Montreal: On the River St. Laurence, through the continent of North America, the frozen and Pacific oceans, in the years 1789 and 1793: with a preliminary account of the rise, progress and present state of the fur trade of that country. London: Printed for T. Cadell, Jun. And W. Davies..., 1801.

McKenzie, James. Journal, 1799-1800. An electronic transcription. MFTP #0016

McLeod, Norman. Journal, Alexandria, 1800-1801. An electronic transcription. MFTP #0028

Nelson, George. Eds. Peers, Laura, Schenck, Theresa. My First Years in the Fur Trade: The Journals of 1802-1804. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002.

Ogden, Peter Skene, Traits of American Indian Life and Character by a Fur Trader London, San Francisco: The Grabhorn Press, 1933

Ross, Alexander. The Fur Hunters of the Far West: A Narrative of Adventures in the Oregon and Rocky Mountains. London: Smith, Elder, 1855.

Simpson, T. Narrative of the discoveries of the north coast of America: effected by the officers of the Hudson 's Bay Company during the years 1836-39 London: R. Bentley, 1843.

Southesk, James Carnegie, Earl of. Saskatchewan and the Rocky Mountains: a Diary and Narrative of Travel, Sport, and Adventure During a Journey through the Hudson's Bay Company's Territiries in 1859 and 1860. Toronto , Edinburgh: J. Campbell; Edmonston and Douglas, 1875.

Spry, Irene. The Papers of the Palliser Expedition, 1857-1860. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1968.

Thompson, David. Ed. J.B. Tyrrell. David Thompson's Narrative of his Explorations in Western America, 1784-1812. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1916.

Thompson, David. Glover, Richard (ed.) David Thompson's Narrative, 1784-1812. Champlain Society: Toronto, 1962.

Wentzel, Willard Ferdinand. A Continuation of the Journal of the Forks Mackenzie's River for Summer 1807-1808. An electronic transcription. MFTP #0022

West, John. The Substance of a Journal During a Residence at the Red River Colony, British North America : and Frequent Excursions Among the North-West American Indians, in the Years 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823. London: Printed for L.B. Seeley, 1824.

Williams, Glyndwr, Andrew Graham's observations on Hudson 's Bay 1767-91. Hudson 's Bay Record Society Publications 27, London 1969

Books and Articles

Abel, Kerry, D.H. Akenson, P.Baskerville, Bercuson, J. Bumsted and J. Reid. Colonies: A History of Canada before Confederation. McGraw-Hill Ryerson Toronto 1992.

Abel, Kerry, Drum Songs: Glimpses of Dene History. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press 1993.

Adams, Howard, A Tortured People: The Dynamics of Colonization. Penticton, B.C.: Theytus Publishers, 1995.

Adams, Howard, Prison of Grass: Canada from a Native Point of View. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan: Fifth House, 1988.

Adney, Edwin Tappan et Chapelle, Howard. The Bark Canoes and Skin Boats of North America, Smithsonian Institute, 1964.

Alcock, F. J., "Past and Present Trade Routes to the Canadian Northwest" Geographical Review X, 2, 1920 pp. 57-83

Balkwill, Darlene, et Cumbaa, Stephen L. "Salt Pork and Beef Again? The Diet of French and British Soldiers at the Casement, Bastion St. Louis. Quebec" Research Bulletin number 252, February 1987.

Birk, Douglas A. "When Rivers Were Roads". The Fur Trade Revisited, Selected Papers of the Sixth North American Fur Trade Conference, Michigan State University Press, 1994

Bishop, Charles A., The Northern Ojibwa and the fur trade: An historical and ecological study. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart & Winston of Canada 1974

Black-Rogers, Mary, "Varieties of 'Starving': Semantics and Survival in the Subarctic Fur Trade, 1750-1850," Ethnohistory, 33, Fall 1986.

Brown, Craig, (Ed.) The Illustrated History of Canada Key Porter Books Ltd., Toronto 2002

Brown, Jennifer. Strangers in Blood, University of British Colombia Press, 1980

Burpee, Lawrence J., Journal of La Verndrye: Journal and Letters of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes la Verendrye and his Son. Toronto 1927

Campbell, Marjorie Wilkins, The North West Company Macmillan Company Ltd Toronto 1957

Carlos, Ann, « The Causes and Origins of the North American Fur Trade Rivalry, 1804-1810 » dans Journal of Economic History, vol. 41, 1981, p.777.

Champagne, D'Eschambault, Picton. Petite histoire du voyageur. Saint-Boniface: Societe historique de Saint-Boniface, 1971


CLAPIN, Sylva. Dictionnaire canadien-français ou lexique-glossaire des mots
expressions et locutions ne se trouvant pas dans les dictionnaires courants et dont l'usage appartient surtout aux Canadiens-Français , Québec, Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 1974

Davidson, Gordon C. The North West Company, New York: Russell & Russell, 1967.

DELÂGE, Denys 1991. Le Pays renversé. Amérindiens et Européens en Amérique du Nord-Est -1600-1664. Boréal Compact.

DICKINSON & MAHN-LOT 1991. 1492-1992. Les Européens découvrent l'Amérique. Presses Universitaires de Lyon.

Dickason, Olive Patricia Canada's First Nations. A History of Founding Peoples from Earliest Times. Toronto and New York: Oxford University Pres, 1997; (second edition)

Dickason, Olive Patricia The Law of Nations and the New World. with Leslie Green. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1993.

Dickason, Olive Patricia The Myth of the Savage and the Beginnings of French Colonialism in the Americas. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1984.

Dickason, Olive Patricia, Le mythe du sauvage. tr. Jude Des Chenes, Paris, Editions du Felin, 1993. (First published in French that same year by
Septentrion, Quebec.)

Dugas, Georges. L'Ouest canadien: sa découverte par le sieur de La Vérendrye, son exploitation par les companies de traiteurs jusqu'à l'année 1822. Montreal: Cadieux et Derome, 1896.

Eccles, William J, French aims and means in colonial North America University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1973

Feeney, Robert. Polar Journeys: The Role of Food and Nutrition in Early Exploration. Washington: University of Alaska Press, 1997.

Ferland, Marcien, Chansons à répondre du Manitoba, Winnipeg, Les Éditions du Blé, 1979

Foster, John. "Paulet Paul: Métis or "House Indian" Folk-Hero?" Manitoba History. Spring 1985, no. 9.

Fowke, Edith et al. Canada's Story in Song. Toronto: W.J. Gage Ltd, 1965

Francis, Daniel, & Toby Morantz, Partners in furs: A history of the fur trade in Eastern James Bay 1600-1870. McGill-Queen's University Press Montreal & Kingston 1978

Francis, Daniel. Battle for the West: Fur Trades and the Birth of Western Canada. Edmonton: Hurtig, 1982.

Freeman, D.B. and Jody F. Decker "The Role of Portages in Shaping the Economic Geography of the Western Canadian Fur Trade, 1774-1850" in James R. Gibson (ed.) Canada: Geographical Interpretations. Geographical Monographs, No. 22, York University 1993

GERMAIN, Georges-Hébert 2003. Les coureurs des bois. La saga des Indiens Blancs. Sous la direction scientifique de Jean-Pierre Hardy. Libre-Expression.

Giraud, Marcel, Le Métis Canadien, vol. 1, Saint-Boniface, Les Éditions du Blé, 1984

Grabowski, Jan et St. Onge, Nicole. "Montréal Iroquois Engagés in Western Fur Trade, 1800-1821," From Rupert's Land to Canada . Theodre Binnema, Gerhardt J. Ens, R.C. Macleod eds. Alberta University Press, 2001, p. 23-58

Green, Rayna et Fernandez, Melanie. The Encyclopaedia of the First Peoples of North America. Toronto: Douglas and McIntyre, 1999.

Harris, R. Cole. ed. Atlas Historique du Canada vol. 1 et 2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Hart, Michael, A Trading Nation University of British Columbia Press 2004

Harting, Toni. French River: Canoeing the River of the Stick-Waver. Boston Mills Press, 1996.

Heidenreich, Conrad E. 1976. "Explorations and mapping of Samuel de Champlain, 1603-1632." The Canadian Cartographer, Monograph 17 (vol. 13, supp. 2)

Hickerson, Harold; Jean Baptiste Chaboillez. "Journal of Charles Baptiste Chaboillez, 1797-1798 (Concluded)" Ethnohistory, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Autumn, 1959), 363-427.

Huck, Barbara. Exploring the fur trade routes of North America: discover the highways that opened a continent . Winnipeg: Heartland, 2000.

JACQUIN, Philippe 1996. Les Indiens Blancs. Français et Indiens en Amérique du Nord (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles). Libre-Expression.

Jennings, John. The Canoe, A Living Tradition, Toronto, Firefly Books, 2002

Karklins, Karlis. Trade ornament usage among the native peoples of Canada: a source book. Ottawa: National Historic Sites, Parks Service, Environment Canada, 1992.

Kent, Timothy J. Birchbark Canoes of the Fur Trade. Vol. I & II. Ossineke, Michigan: 1997

Landry, Yves. Pour le Christ et le roi: la vie au temps des premiers Montrealais. Montreal: Libre expression, 1992

LANG, George 1992. « Voyageur Discourse and the Absence of Fur Trade
Pidgin » Canadian Litterature, 33, Winter 1992.

Lytwyn, Victor P., The fur trade of the Little North: Indians, pedlars, and Englishmen east of Lake Winnipeg, 1760-1821. Rupert's Land Research Centre, University of Winnipeg 1986

Lytwyn, Victor P. Muskekowuck Athinuwick: original people of the great swampy land Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2002.

MacDonald, Robert. The uncharted nations: a reference history of the Canadian tribes. Calgary, Alberta, Canada : Ballantrae Foundation, 1978.

MACKAY, Douglas, The Honourable Company: A History of the Hudson's Bay Company, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1966

Maclachlan, Mora, ed. The Fort Langley Journals: 1827-30. Vancouver: UBC Press, 1998.

Marles et al., eds. Aboriginal Plant Use in Canada's Northwest Boreal Forest. Ottawa: Natural Resources Canada, 2000.

Mitchell, Estelle. Les Soeurs grises de Montréal à la Rivière-Rouge 1844-1984, Montréal, Éditions du Méridien, 1987

Monthei, Heather " Colorful Characters of Canoe Country" Boundary Waters Journal, Fall 1998

MOORE, Christopher, Les Aventuriers - Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson - Une Histoire Epique, Toronto: Quantum Books for Hudson's Bay Company, 2003.

Morantz, Toby, "Colonial French insights into early 18th-century Algonquians of central Quebec " Papers of the 22nd Algonquian Conference, ed. by William Cowan, pp. 213-224. Ottawa: Carleton University 1991.

Morse, Eric W., Fur Trade Canoe Routes of Canada: Then and Now (2d ed.). University of Toronto: Toronto, 1979

Morse, Eric W., The Kaministikwia Fur Trade Canoe Route Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 2000

Newman, Peter C., Caesars of the Wilderness Volume 2 Penguin Books Ltd Markham 1987

Newman, Peter C., The Company of Adventurers Volume 1 Penguin Books Ltd, Markham 1985

Nute, Grace Lee. The Voyageur. St. Paul, MN: reprint ed. Minnesota Historical Society, 1955.

Orr, Robert Thomas. Mammals of North America. New York: Doubleday, 1971.

Parker, James. Emporium of the North: Fort Chipewyan and the Fur Trade to 1835. Alberta Culture and Multiculturalism, Canadian Plains Research Center, 1987.

Payne, Michael. The Most Respectable Place in the Territory, Everyday Life in Hudson's Bay Company Service York Factory, 1788 to 1870. Ottawa: National Historic Parks and Sites, Canadian Parks Service, Environment Canada, 1989.

Peterson, Jacqueline, & Jennifer S.H. Brown, (eds.) The new peoples: Being and becoming Metis in North America. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press 1985

Podruchny, Carolyn. Sons of the Wilderness. Work, Culture and Identity among Voyageurs in the Montreal Fur Trade, 1780-1821, Toronto, University of Toronto, 1999

PODRUCHNY, Carolyn. « Dieu, Diable and the Trickster: Voyageur Religious Syncretism in the Pays d'en haut, 1770-1821. » Études Oblates de l'Ouest 5. 2000

PODRUCHNY, Carolyn. "Baptizing Novices: Ritual Moments among French Canadian Voyageurs in the Montreal Fur Trade, 1780-1821." The Canadian Historical Review 83, June 2002.

Podruchny, Carolyn, "Miraculous Escapes in French-Canadian Voyageur Oral Tradition: Jean Cayeux's Song, Story and Wood-Carved Lament." Ninth Annual Conference of the Omohundro Institute for Early American History and Culture ". New Orleans, LA, 2003.

Preston, Richard J, Eastern Cree community in relation to fur trade post in the 1830s: The background of the posting process. Papers of the 6th Algonquian Conference, ed. by William Cowan, pp. 324-335. National Museum of Man, Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Paper 23. Ottawa 1975

Ray, Arthur J., and C. Heidenreich, The Early Fur Trades: A Study in Cultural Interaction, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976.

Ray, Arthur J., and D. B. Freeman, Give us Good Measure: An Economic Analysis of Relations between the Indians and the Hudson's Bay Company before 1763, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978

Ray, Arthur J., I have lived here since the world began: an illustrated history of Canada 's native people Toronto , ON: Lester Publishing; Key Porter Books, 1996.

Ray, Arthur J., Indians in the Fur Trade , 2nd edition, University of Toronto Press , 1998.

Rich, E.E., The fur trade and the northwest to 1857. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart 1967

Ross, Eric, Beyond the River and The Bay University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1970

Sims, Catherine, Algonkian-British relations in the Upper Great Lakes region: Gathering to give and to receive presents, 1815-1843 . Ph.D. thesis, University of Western Ontario. 1992

Sleeper-Smith, Susan, Indian women and French men: Rethinking cultural encounter in the Western Great Lakes. Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press 2001

Smith, James G. E. « Chipewyan, Cree and Inuit Relations west of Hudson Bay, 1714-1955 » Ethnohistory 28 Spring, 1981, pp.133-156.

Stefansson, Vilhjalmur. The Fat of the Land. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1956.

Tessier, Abbé Albert et Biron, Hervé. Vers les pays d'en haut Montréal: Éditions Fides, 1944

Thorne, Stuart. The History of Food Preservation. New Jersey: Barnes & Noble, 1986.

Thwaites, Reuben G, "Radisson and Groseilliers in Wisconsin " Report and Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, vol. 11, pp. 64-96 1888

Town, Florida. The North West Company: Frontier Merchants. Toronto: Umbrella Press, 1999.

TRIGGER, Bruce G. 1985. Natives and Newcomers. McGill University Press.

TRIGGER, Bruce G. 1992. Les Indiens, la fourrure et les Blancs. Français et Amérindiens en Amérique du Nord. Boréal Compact.

van Kirk, Sylvia, "Many tender ties:" Women in fur-trade society in Western Canada, 1670-1870. Winnipeg: Watson & Dwyer 1980

VÉZINA, Robert 1994. « Le libre-échange avant la lettre », Québec Français, #95, Automne 1994.

VÉZINA, Robert 1995. « L'influence du lexique des Voyageurs francophones sur l'anglais nordaméricain », Actes des 9ème journées de linguistique, Centre international de recherche en aménagement linguistique (CIRAL), Université Laval, Québec.

VÉZINA, Robert 1997. Chroniques linguistiques du TLFQ. Volume 1, #9, Octobre 1997 Volume 1, #5, Mai 1997

VÉZINA, Robert 2000. « La dynamique des langues dans la traite des fourrures 1760-1850 »,Contacts de langues et identités culturelles. Perspectives lexicographiques. Actes des 4ème journées scientifiques du réseau « Étude du français en francophonie », Les Presses de l'Université Laval. Langue/Langues autochtones

VÉZINA, Robert 2003. « Les mauvais renards et la garce: description et origine du terme drouine » Le passage du détroit, Marcel Bénéteau, dir., Working Papers in the Humanitities II, Humanitities Research Group, University of Windsor .

Wallace, W. S. By Star and Compass, tales of the explorers of Canada. London: Oxford University Press, 1922

Westcott, Frank. The beaver: nature's master builder. Willdowdale, Ont.: Houndslow Press, 1989.

Wheeler, Robert C. A toast to the fur trade: a picture essay on its material culture. St. Paul , MN: Wheeler Productions, c1985

Williams, James Thaxter The History of Weather. Commack , NY: Nova Science Publishers, 1999.

Web Sites

Le Canot: Portrait des grands canots ayant servi à la traite des fourrures. http://www.civilization.ca/hist/canoe/can00fra.html
© Société du Musée canadien des civilisations

Dictionnaire biographique du Canada en ligne
http://www.biographi.ca/fr/index.html
Bibliothèque et Archives Canada

Historica.ca
http://www.histori.ca/default.do?page=.index
Historica

Institut de la fourrure du Canada
http://www.fur.ca/index-f/index.asp
© 2004 Institut de la fourrure du Canada

Lieu historique national du Canada du commerce de fourrures à Lachine
http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/qc/lachine/index_f.asp
Parcs Canada

Mohawks of Kahnawake
http://www.kahnawake.com
Mohawk Council of Kahnawake

Musée virtuelle de la Nouvelle France
http://www.vmnf.civilization.ca/vmnf/vmnff.asp
© Musée de la Nouvelle-France - Société du Musée canadien des civilisations

The Northwest Journal
http://www.northwestjournal.ca/
Northwest Journal 1994-2002

Réseau des rivières du patrimoine canadien
http://www.chrs.ca/Main_f.htm
Réseau des rivières du patrimoine canadien

Réserve des collections de la Société du Musée canadien des civilisations http://www.civilisations.ca/collect/csintrof.html
© Société du Musée canadien des civilisations

300 ans de présence: Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue
http://sainteannedebellevue.homestead.com/homefr.html

Movies and Videos

Unique Au Monde: Le Castor, une histoire de famille. Vidéo Réalisateur; Gary Yates. Producteur; Les Productions Rivard. 2000

CD Rom

Du Nord-Ouest au Pacifique: Une odyssée de la traite des fourrures. CD-Rom Thunder Bay: Old Fort William.

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